Saturday, 15 November 2014

Technologically Man Is A Giant, Morally A Pygmy


This was my final essay project for the course, English for Academic Purposes (BEL311):


Look around and see the numbers of technology inventions surround you. This past century have seen extraordinary discoveries and inventions that have transformed society to what it is today. From air travelling to space travel, genetic science, nanotechnology and the Internet, are among others that have made Man a technological giant.  With all these technologies swarming in to fill the corners of our world, the society finally noticed the changes and one of them is having their job replaced with machines. They start to ponder upon the discussion, “Technologically Man is a Giant, Morally a Pygmy” which is becoming a concern as each decade passes. “We cannot deny that technology has improved the quality of our lives immeasurably” (Wong, 2006, para. 2). But understand the phrase, “Technologically Man is a Giant”, implies on how technology have served mankind by bringing a sense of control and comfort as we live. It may differ from each individual’s perspective on how they see the meaning of ‘control’. For instance, someone with a hunger for political power would go through lengths in getting their hands on the latest technology if it could provide them with vital information the second it appears. However, that is where conflicts are bound to happen. The true argument lies on the phrase, “Morally a Pygmy”, meaning with enhanced technology being developed day-by-day, proud humans become empowered with desire to want more. It is possible they could come to a point of disregarding the importance of ethics. Such technology that holds the chance to deviate mankind from being a civilized society are weapon engineering, artificial intelligence and Internet technology.

Weapon engineering is the design, development, testing and life-cycle management of military weapons and systems. Since weapons engineering holds priority for military purposes, it eventually became an inseparable issue in technology developments. With enhanced weaponry, it propels and serves a huge advantage for one’s country. According to the latest study by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), The United States of America remains the largest exporter of weapons in the world. Before long, acquiring weapons that reach above their technological advancements becomes a fierce rivalry between countries. Each country competes for development of new warfare techniques and equipment. Albeit, there is side-effect of paying too much attention in obtaining these firearms, and the burden is on the citizens of the country. For famine government that spends away a lot of money on evolving weapon industry, the price of it is never cheap. In fact, the arms trade is a major cause of human rights abuse to the citizens of country. “Governments spend more on military expenditure than on community development, communications infrastructure and health combined” (Shah, 2013, para.1). It is undeniable every nation has the right and the need to ensure its security, but in these changing times, weaponry requirements and procurements may need to change too; for the sake of its people not living in horrible condition.

Next possible cause would be the artificial intelligence (AI), which is a branch of computer science concerning the creations of machines that hold intelligence and the ability to simulate human behaviors. Machines with artificial intelligence such as computers are designed for the ability to learn, to plan, solving problems and speech recognition.  Areas that AI machines are widely known for are game-playing, expert systems, natural languages, neural networks and robotics. In terms of game-playing, a programming computer is designed to play games against human opponents. Expert systems exist for computers to make decision in real-life situations, for instance, helping doctors diagnose diseases of patients. Also, there are programming computers that understand natural human languages. As for neural network, it is a system that processes information pattern that is inspired by the way biological nervous systems in human brain does. Robotic programming computers are made to react to sensory stimuli such as seeing and hearing.

Presently there are no computers that are able to display artificial intelligence completely, however there are those that came close enough.  In May 1997, an IBM super-computer named Deep Blue have claimed its first win against the world chess champion Gary Kasparov in a chess match. The intelligence involved in playing chess require a deep logical analysis of the possible moves that can be made next in the game and its logical consequences of the game. Scientists at IBM programmed a computer named Watson to compete against the best human race has to offer in America's general knowledge game show: Jeopardy! and had won. The way for Watson to win at Jeopardy! is all about understanding the question written in natural language and accessing quickly a huge database to select the most likely answer in as fast a time as possible (Sautoy, 2012). Next, there is robotics which include practical robots that offer potential for enhancing the quality of life for humans everywhere, but it all comes down to how it is applied. For instance, the world most advanced in robotics is Japan, which has invested profoundly in social robots, robots that interact with people and this type of approach brings no serious harm to mankind. However, in The United States, the opposite purpose is formed for robots, which primarily focuses on robots instructed to kill people. Majority of robotics research in the U.S. is supported by military interests and that includes The Pentagon, who wants to develop a Terminator; a combat-zone robotic soldier that can accomplish political or military goals. The robotic technology can both be constructive and destructive, it depends wholly on the intent of its creators.

Hardly a month ever goes by without the announcement of a new A.I. product coming out and there is a possibility that machines would be far smarter than us before the end of century. Indeed humans have yet to produce machines with common sense, vision, natural language processing, or the ability to create other machines; but when we do, that is when mankind is being put to test. The signs would start small from mathematics and engineering to science and medicine, and onwards on studying the acts of human behavior. The computers eventually program themselves to absorb a large amount of new information and reasons in a way we cannot predict anymore. It is true that there might still a few jobs left for entertainers, writers and other creative types that humans could be part of. But know this, according to Marcus (2013), computers are able to continue on learning various information any time and no matter how long, without needing sleep nor coffee breaks; unlike human beings.

Another prominent technological revolution that well represents our humanity today is the Internet technology. “The Internet is the worldwide, publicly accessible network of interconnected computer networks that transmit data between themselves” (Rajendra, n.d., Internet Technology section, para. 1). More often than not, the Internet had been heavily misused by its users, especially in the case of cyberbullying. “Cyberbullying is using the Internet, cell phones, video game systems, or other technology to send or post text or images intended to hurt or embarrass another person. It is also defined as acts of aggression through computers, cell phones, and other electronic devices” (Jackson & Cohen, 2012). Cyberbullying can occur through mediums like Online Social Networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Youtube and various other networks, Instant Messaging (IMs) and text messaging, Email, Chat rooms/forums/blogs, Online Games.

Cyberbullying takes in many forms such as, sending mean messages or threats to a person's email account or online social network and even spreading rumors regarding the person through the Internet. The users in the Internet can post hateful or prejudice comments so easily without the concern of other people’s feeling being hurt because they do not have to have face-to-face conversation with the person. They do not have to know the person they are giving hateful comments to, they do not have to watch the person’s change of expression as they say the words. Things could turn even uglier when the bully have the skills to steal a person's account information to break into their account and send damaging messages. Having all the personal information that were once private, the bully could expose the information any time.

Extreme cyberbullying can affect a victim’s state of mind on a daily-basis. Due to cyberbullying itself, victims may inclined to depression, social anxiety, panic attacks and suicidal thoughts. A traumatic cyberbullying victim can turn to be defensive, reclusive, aggressive, unwilling to take part in other wise enjoyable experiences of normal life. As a result of extreme cyberbullying, a teenager may resort to self-harm, self-mutilation, spree drinking, over-eating and other distressing effects all coming from cyberbullying.

For most parts, it can be said that similar to any other aspect of development, the technological development is akin to a double edged sword which one side can be fatal to one’s life and the other side can lead to one’s protection.  However, the decision is in the hands of mankind, they may choose to use it for the greater good or lead them down to immorality. As the topic of this essay ensues that Man is a tech giant, but it is possible that he can degenerate to be a moral pygmy. The historian and moralist known as Lord Acton once said, "Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely”. If the technological advancement such as weapon engineering, artificial intelligence and Internet technology are put in the best uses, it may encourage the growth of the development in related and non-related areas but at the same time its negative use can create chaos in the world eventually. However, if Man is making effort to find his sense of civility and humanity, then all hope is not yet lost. The present generation must heed the warnings that has come to our attention, we must find a way to not allow such unruly events from ever happening again. Hopefully we can continue on our technological advancements as we move on to the future, together with the efforts of ensuring these advances benefit humanity as a whole.


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Bibliography:



Adams, M. (2005). Emerging Technologies. Retrieved from bibliotecapleyades.net: http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/ciencia/ciencia_emergingtechnologies.htm

Hauser, L. (n.d.). Artificial Intelligence. Retrieved from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: http://www.iep.utm.edu/art-inte/#SSH3b.iii

Marcus, G. (2013, October 24). Why We Should Think About the Threat of Artificial Intelligence. Retrieved from newyorker.com: http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/why-we-should-think-about-the-threat-of-artificial-intelligence

Rajendra, P. (n.d.). Technological Advancements and Its Impact on Humanity. Retrieved from academia.edu: https://www.academia.edu/346486/Technological_Advancements_and_Its_Impact_on_Humanity

Sautoy, M. d. (2012, April 1). AI Robot: How Machine Intelligence is Evolving. Retrieved from The Guardian: http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/apr/01/ai-artificial-intelligence-robots-sautoy

Shah, A. (2013, June 30). Arms Trade—A Major Cause of Suffering. Retrieved from Global Issues: http://www.globalissues.org/issue/73/arms-trade-a-major-cause-of-suffering

Wong, A. (2006, October 13). Technologically Man is a Giant, Morally a Pygmy. Retrieved from ezinearticles.com: http://ezinearticles.com/?Technologically-Man-is-a-Giant,-Morally-a-Pygmy&id=327073



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